Timeline of 20th Century Modern Architecture

What Is Cardio Vascular Disease - 1938 Words

What is cardio vascular disease? According to the American Heart Association, cardio vascular disease is also called heart disease and it includes numerous problems related to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition that occurs as plaque or fatty deposit builds up in the walls of the arteries and as the buildup narrows the arteries, it becomes harder for blood to flow through and causes a heart attack. This severe disease is one of the leading cause of death and disability among the elderly (age 65 and older) men, women, and most ethnic groups. We may ask ourselves, what is causing this disease to be so powerful? There are a number of factors that cause this disease which are high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, being overweight, lack of physical activity, and diabetes. We don’t seem to think much about it but, more than 1 in 3 elderly adults in the United States are diagnosed with the disease. The article â€Å"Older Americans Cardiovascular Disease† sta te that an estimate 83.6 million American adults and for the 60-79 year-old age group, the following have CVD: 83.0% of men; 87.1%of women. After women go through menopause, the frequency of heart disease in women matches the rate of heart disease in men. The number of our elderly out living their life expectancy is stretching out longer but at the same time that does not reduce the risk of them experiencing a heart attack. Older persons are often faced with unique and multiple challenges to health. When we areShow MoreRelatedOne Beat At a Time Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesOne Beat at a Time When we think of cardio vascular diseases, we usually always associate them with the loss of a family member or friend. Almost everyone knows of someone who is affected by these tragic diseases. Since the ancient times, there have been clues left showing possible cardio vascular diseases within the Egyptian families. The earliest proof of a cardio vascular disease is of a 3,500 year old Egyptian mummy with a serious case of arthrosclerosis, which was identified via modern CTRead MoreDaniel Velastegui. May 10Th, 2017. Alzheimer’S Disease1495 Words   |  6 PagesAlzheimer’s disease effects many families throughout the world and many of it causes and effects are unknown. Alzheimer’s disease is defined as a progressive mental deterioration disease that can occur in middle to old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. Alzheimer’s disease is generally known for its slow decrease in overall cognitive function but there are many different factors th at go into the formation and spreading of any disease. Just like other diseases Alzheimer’s disease can haveRead MoreHealth Implications Of An Individual Under Metabolic Stress2590 Words   |  11 Pagesfocus of this report is the metabolic disease of hypertension and cardio-vascular disease. Key areas that will be focused on throughout this report include, the study of an individual’s dietary intake and the body’s reserves of macro and micro nutrients, which will be related to possible health implications for this individual due to metabolic stress. Furthermore this study will then go on to discuss possible preventions/management of this nutritional disease, with the focus on biochemical processRead MoreHLTAP401B Confirm Physical Health Status – Part 11225 Words   |  5 Pagesnurse if she or he is available, if not notify the doctor, senior nurse or the team leader that is working. Question 3 Discuss the inter-relationship between Mr Hardys Cardio Vascular System (his hypertension) and Central Nervous System (his CVA-stroke). (200 words or less) Selected Answer: Cardio vascular system (hypertension) controls the circulation of blood in the body. Hypertension occurs when the heart pumps blood around the body through the blood vessels and uses extra forceRead MoreHealth and Wellness1967 Words   |  8 Pagesobserved by scientists and brought to the attention of the general public. Research has introduced three elements of health and wellness and how nutrition and fitness as active parts of our lives. Research has also discovered ways for preventing major diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Preventing awful effects in our environment and protecting the immune system is part of action plans researchers have discovered to play an important role in improved physical health and wellness. Physical Health ItRead MoreThe Components Of Health Related Fitness1084 Words   |  5 Pagesopposed to physical activities. What are the components of health related fitness? The 5 components are cardio-respiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition. Why is it important to achieve a high level of fitness in each of the components? Cardio-respiratory fitness is how your heart and lungs work to supply oxygen and energy to your muscles during physical activity. It is important to have a high level of cardio-respiratory fitness because it helpsRead MoreStroke Risk Factors That Cause Death And Adult Neurological Disability992 Words   |  4 Pagestrigger a stroke include age, race, obesity and hypertension. Genetics are a huge factor when it comes to stroke. As stated by John Francis, â€Å"Studies have shown that genetic factors account for 50% of strokes.† High blood pressure, heart disease, vascular conditions and diabetes are all stroke risk factors that family history play a part of. FDA.gov states that â€Å"children with parents, grandparents, sisters or brothers who have had a stroke by the age of 65 are at greater risk of having one themselvesRead MorePulse Oxymetry896 Words   |  4 Pages Submitted by: Joshua Martin Rhoanne Feleo Submitted to: Mrs. Fontanilla Pulse Oximetry What is a Pulse Oximeter? * A Pulse Oximeter is a device used to  perform the diagnostic procedure for determining the: * Percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) that is saturated with oxygen The oxygen saturation (SpO2) is a measure of  how much oxygen theRead MoreA Short Note On Chronic Kidney Disease ( Ckd )2862 Words   |  12 PagesCHAPTER 1 Introduction Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is emerging as a major challenge for the global health-care systems with increasing life-expectancy and rising rates of obesity, diabetes and hypertension (1). Not surprisingly, the incidence-rates of End-stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) have been rising world-wide with rates ranging from 12 to 455 per million population (pmp) (1). ESKD affects 107 individuals per million population in the United Kingdom (2). Although the incidence-rates have beenRead MoreChildhood Obesity Is Defined As A Body Mass Index924 Words   |  4 PagesBRIEF REVIEW OF THE TOPIC According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009), Childhood Obesity is defined as a Body Mass Index at or above 95th percentile for both male and female children in the United States. Approximately 9 million children are struggling with Obesity (Gootman, J.A., McGinnis, M., Kraak, V.I., 2006). The rate at which children are being diagnosed with obesity has more than doubled over a span of 25 years form 7% to 18% for children ranging in age

Weapon accountability free essay sample

The date was September 14, 2012. At around 10 p. m. Camp Leatherneck was attacked by 15 insurgents. These attackers, organized into three teams, began an assault on the airfield of Bastion. While wearing U. S. Army uniforms, the attackers toted automatic rifles, rocket-propelled grenade launchers and suicide vests. While aboard Camp Leatherneck/Camp Bastion, they inflicted incredible damage to the air-wing. Destroying six AV-8B Harrier jets and damaging two others, along with six aircraft hangers suffering damage, and six refueling stations were destroyed. While trying to fight the attackers off, two U.  S. Marines were shot and killed, along with injuring several others. Along with threats like base security, there is also, â€Å"Insider Threats†. This is an attack by an Afghan National Army (ANA) member, Afghan Police Department (APD), or an Afghan National working on base. These attacks come out of nowhere and usually occur because the Taliban has threatened their family or someone disrespected the attacking person at some point and wants retaliation. We will write a custom essay sample on Weapon accountability or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In these cases it is extremely important to have you weapon, whether it be an M16A2, M16A4, M4, or a 9MM pistol. You should have it on you for protection at all times and be ready for anything that comes your way. Weather it is an attack on base or an Insider Attack from an Afghan counterpart. This is why a condition 3 weapon (magazine inserted, no round in chamber, bolt forward, ejection port cover close, and weapon on safe) is implemented on Camp Leatherneck and Camp Bastion. You never know when the enemy will attack and should be ready with your weapon at all times. Leaving a weapon unattended can also lead to the enemy acquiring your weapon and using it against yourself, fellow Marines and U. S. Forces, and coalition forces that you work with. Preventing the enemy in every way of attacking us is our main mission and to protect those around us. The enemy is always looking for a way to attack, and any weapon unattended can be the way for them to do so. My weapon should be an extension of my body and mind; I should be able to automatically pick it up without thinking. If my weapon had been picked up by someone from someone else in the military on the Camp Leatherneck, then they would have turned it into their higher chain of command, in which would have been turned over to the military police. At that point, I would then be breaking UCMJ and most likely lose rank and pay. It could also lead to a higher punishment and being discharged from the Marine Corps. If my weapon had been picked up by someone outside of the military, it could have been sold to be used to harm other military members or used by an insurgent to hurt men, women, and children. Camp Leatherneck could be locked down and searched until the weapon was found. In which, for the convoys outside of the Forward Operating Base (FOB), would not be able to enter. This could leave them open to attack and could lead to cost of lives and money to the government. Losing a weapon could cost your unit and could cost a lot of people valuable time, which is precious in Afghanistan. What is accountability; the definition is simply liable to account for one’s actions, â€Å"A is accountable to B when A is obliged to inform B about A’s (past or future) actions and decisions, to justify them, and to suffer punishment in the case of eventual misconduct. Accountability is a concept in ethics with several meanings. It is often used synonymously with such concepts as answerability, enforcement, responsibility, blameworthiness, liability, and other terms associated with the expectation of account-giving. Article 108 (Destruction of Government Property) under the UCMJ states, â€Å"any person subject to this chapter who, without proper authority- (1) sells or otherwise disposes of, (2) willfully or through neglect, damaged, destroys, or loses his/her weapon, (3) willfully or through neglect suffers to be lost, damaged, destroyed, sold, or wrongfully disposed of, and military property of the United States, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct. † The maximum punishment for â€Å"through neglect, damaging, destroying, or losing, or through neglect suffering to be lost, damaged, destroyed, sold, or wrongfully disposed of, military property. † â€Å"A value or damage of more than $500, bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 1 year. † This could lead to problems outside of the military with getting a job, the employer could deem you as not responsible and not accountable for equipment or persons.

Financial Projection Improving Marketing and Sales

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Projection for Improving Marketing and Sales. Answer: Introduction The internet offers exclusive opportunity to market any product. With the increase in the use of the internet, people are increasingly using it to discover new products and services. This can only translate to sales if there is a proper management of the web. The internet offers a space to advertise the products at a relatively cheaper cost compared to advertising in the mainstream media. Once a company sets up a website, it will use it to display their products for free. It is the platform to retain and recruit new customers. Social media is a great platform to market a product. This is because the websites are readily available to many. It covers a large geographical area and can, therefore, reach a large number of people. It also offers a platform where the users of the products can give their view on it. Product review whether negative or positive will give it a publicity it requires. The social media offers a one on one interaction with people allows the product marketing department to answer questions that the consumers have. The internet also provides an opportunity to trade on the products online. E-commerce is on the rise, and more people are using online shops to source their products. This calls for the utilization of the online platform as the appropriate store. According to Bttner and Gritz, (2008), online shops have continually improved the sales. An important aspect of a product life is the customer relation. The internet provides a unique opportunity to attend to customers issues concerning the products. A satisfied customer will always wish to acquire the same product (Hanna and Wagle, 2008). This will improve the sales eventually. Network Security Risks and Protection Online security focuses on the risk posed by the threat of worms, viruses, and Trojan horses. The general term for these threats is malware. Some of these small programs are programmed to hijack sessions of a browser or be able to use the computers resources without anyone noticing. In more severe instances, the programs can monitor the movements of the input devices and create data that can eventually display sensitive information like the product plans, passwords, and other product details. Some of these threats also slow down the computer generating losses from the resource. Of particular concern is the spyware. The software that can monitor the inputs made into a computer and ultimately relay the information to another remote computer. The target of spyware is the login details, passwords, personal information, personal documents as well as individuals files. They can be easily attached to emails, downloads on some websites or the instant messaging applications. The attachments can be downloaded by unsuspecting people, but this can cause great harm as explained by Collins and Smith (2006). Online security threats can cause grave danger to the life of a company. The purpose of protecting the system is to enable real-time detection of the threats. With the timely discovery, the threats can be neutralized albeit on time. Several security measures can be used. The role played by the employees in ensuring the safety of the product details is, and overall security of the online platforms is important (Shillair et al, 2015). The most important step would be to educate them on the safety concerns from the cyberspace. Another aspect of security is to carefully monitor the privileged accounts to ensure no infiltration of the information. Tsai et al (2016), discuss the theories to understand online safety and conclude that regular training sessions should be conducted to ensure that the employees are aware of the best security practices that should be performed online. Using antivirus software, passwords, physical security for the computers, encrypting information before sending is another method to ensure the safety of the information. Passwords should be changed regularly. References Bttner, O.B. and Gritz, A.S., 2008. Perceived trustworthiness of online shops.Journal of Consumer Behaviour,7(1), pp.35-50. Collins, C.J. and Smith, K.G., 2006. Knowledge exchange and combination: The role of human resource practices in the performance of high-technology firms.Academy of management journal,49(3), pp.544-560. Dellarocas, C., Zhang, X.M. and Awad, N.F., 2007. Exploring the value of online product reviews in forecasting sales: The case of motion pictures.Journal of Interactive marketing,21(4), pp.23-45. Hanna, N. and Wagle, J.S., 2008. Who is your satisfied customer?.Journal of Services Marketing,2(3), pp.5-13. Shillair, R., Cotten, S.R., Tsai, H.Y.S., Alhabash, S., LaRose, R. and Rifon, N.J., 2015. Online safety begins with you and me: Convincing Internet users to protect themselves.Computers in Human Behavior,48, pp.199-207. Tsai, H.Y.S., Jiang, M., Alhabash, S., LaRose, R., Rifon, N.J. and Cotten, S.R., 2016. Understanding online safety behaviors: A protection motivation theory perspective.Computers Security,59, pp.138-150.

Hospitality refers to the relationship between a g Essays

Hospitality refers to the relationship between a guest and a host, wherein the host receives the guest with goodwill, including the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. Louis, chevalier de Jaucourt describes hospitality in the Encyclopedie as the virtue of a great soul that cares for the whole universe through the ties of humanity. Hospitality ethics is a discipline that studies this usage of hospitality. Etymology Derives from the Latin hospes, meaning "host", "guest", or "stranger". Hospes is formed from hostis, which means "stranger" or "enemy" . By metonymy the Latin word 'Hospital' means a guest-chamber, guest's lodging, an inn. Hospes is thus the root for the English words host, hospitality, hospice, hostel and hotel. Historical practice In ancient cultures hospitality involved welcoming the stranger and offering him food, shelter, and safety. Global concepts Ancient Greece In Ancient Greece, hospitality was a right, with the host being expected to make sure the needs of his guests were met. The ancient Greek term xenia, or theoxenia when a god was involved, expressed this ritualized guest-friendship relation. In Greek society a person's ability to abide by the laws of hospitality determined nobility and social standing. The Stoics regarded hospitality as a duty inspired by Zeus himself. Judaism Judaism praises hospitality to strangers and guests based largely on the examples of Abraham and Lot in the Book of Genesis . In Hebrew, the practice is called hachnasat orchim, or "welcoming guests". Besides other expectations, hosts are expected to provide nourishment, comfort, and entertainment for their guests, and at the end of the visit, hosts customarily escort their guests out of their home, wishing them a safe journey. Christianity In Christianity, hospitality is a virtue which is a reminder of sympathy for strangers and a rule to welcome visitors. This is a virtue found in the Old Testament, with, for example, the custom of the foot washing of visitors or the kiss of peace. It was taught by Jesus in the New Testament. Indeed, Jesus said that those who had welcomed a stranger had welcomed him. Some Western countries have developed a host culture for immigrants, based on the bible. Pashtun One of the main principles of Pashtunwali is Melmastia. This is the display of hospitality and profound respect to all visitors without any hope of remuneration or favour. Pashtuns will go to great lengths to show their hospitality. Celtic cultures Celtic societies also valued the concept of hospitality, especially in terms of protection. A host who granted a person's request for refuge was expected not only to provide food and shelter for his/her guest, but to make sure they did not come to harm while under their care. Current usage In the West today hospitality is rarely a matter of protection and survival and is more associated with etiquette and entertainment. However, it still involves showing respect for one's guests, providing for their needs, and treating them as equals. Cultures and subcultures vary in the extent to which one is expected to show hospitality to strangers, as opposed to personal friends or members of one's ingroup. Anthropology of Hospitality Jacques Derrida offers a model to understand hospitality that divides unconditional hospitality from conditional hospitality. Over the centuries, philosophers have devoted considerable attention to the problem of hospitality. However, hospitality offers a paradoxical situation since inclusion of those who are welcomed in the sacred law of hospitality implies others will be rejected. Julia Kristeva alerts readers to the dangers of "perverse hospitality", which consists of taking advantage of the vulnerability of aliens to dispossess them. Hospitality serves to reduce the tension in the process of host-guest encounters, producing a liminal zone that combines curiosity about others and fear of strangers. In general terms, the meaning of hospitality centres on the belief that strangers should be assisted and protected while traveling. However, not all voices are in agreement with this concept. Professor Anthony Pagden describes how the concept of hospitality was historically manipulated to legitimate the conquest of Americas by imposing the right of free transit, which was conducive to the formation of the modern nation-state. This suggests that hospitality is a political institution which can be ideologically deformed to oppress others. Over recent years and following Padgen, Maximiliano Korstanje argued that hospitality is an

How to Exchange Data Over a Network Using Delphi

How to Exchange Data Over a Network Using Delphi Of all the components that  Delphi provides to support applications that exchange data over a network (internet, intranet, and local), two of the most common are  TServerSocket and TClientSocket, both of which are designed to support read and write functions over a TCP/IP connection. Winsock and Delphi Socket Components Windows Sockets (Winsock) provides an open interface for network programming under the Windows operating system. It offers a set of functions, data structures, and related parameters required to access the network services of any protocol stacks. Winsock acts as a link between network applications and underlying protocol stacks. Delphi socket components (wrappers for the Winsock) streamline the creation of applications that communicate with other systems using TCP/IP and related protocols. With sockets, you can read and write over connections to other machines without worrying about the details of the underlying networking software. The internet palette on the Delphi components toolbar hosts the TServerSocket and TClientSocket components as well as TcpClient, TcpServer,  and TUdpSocket. To start a socket connection using a socket component, you must specify a host and a port. In general, host specifies an alias for the IP address of the server system; port specifies the ID number that identifies the server socket connection. A Simple One-Way Program to Send Text To build a simple example using the socket components provided by Delphi, create two forms- one for the server and one for the client computer. The idea is to enable the clients to send some textual data to the server. To start, open Delphi twice, creating one project for the server application and one for the client. Server Side: On a form, insert one TServerSocket component and one TMemo component. In the OnCreate event for the form, add the next code: procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);begin ServerSocket1.Port : 23; ServerSocket1.Active : True;end; The OnClose event should contain: procedure TForm1.FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);begin ServerSocket1.Active : false;end; Client Side: For the client application, add a TClientSocket, TEdit, and TButton component to a form. Insert the following code for the client: procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);begin ClientSocket1.Port : 23; //local TCP/IP address of the server ClientSocket1.Host : 192.168.167.12; ClientSocket1.Active : true;end;procedure TForm1.FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);begin ClientSocket1.Active : false;end;procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);beginif ClientSocket1.Active then ClientSocket1.Socket.SendText(Edit1.Text);end; The code pretty much describes itself: when a client clicks a button, the text specified inside the Edit1 component will be sent to the server with specified port and host address. Back to the Server: The final touch in this sample is to provide a function for the server to see the data the client is sending. The event we are interested in is OnClientRead- it occurs when the server socket should read information from a client socket. procedure TForm1.ServerSocket1ClientRead(Sender: TObject; Socket: TCustomWinSocket);begin Memo1.Lines.Add(Socket.ReceiveText);end; When  more than one client sends data to the server, youll need a little more to code: procedure TForm1.ServerSocket1ClientRead(Sender: TObject; Socket: TCustomWinSocket);var i:integer; sRec : string;beginfor i : 0 to ServerSocket1.Socket.ActiveConnections-1 dobeginwith ServerSocket1.Socket.Connections[i] dobegin sRec : ReceiveText; if sRecr thenbegin Memo1.Lines.Add(RemoteAddress sends :) ; Memo1.Lines.Add(sRecr); end; end; end;end; When the server reads information from a client socket, it adds that text to the Memo component; both the text and the client RemoteAddress are added, so youll know which client sent the information. In more sophisticated implementations, aliases for known IP addresses can serve as a substitute. For a more complex project that uses these components, explore the Delphi Demos Internet Chat project. Its a simple network chat application that uses one form (project) for both the server and the client.

Malpractice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Malpractice - Essay Example Legal issues governing the medical malpractice law already way out of the field of health care and one has to have a good legal counsel to prove the actions made to be acted upon good faith under the scope of health care profession. Malpractice: Failure to assess and document Introduction: The world has evolved into a large pit of legalities, where every action has a legal implication if done mischievously. This in turn as a person have reinforced the right to the best health care possible but as a health care professional emotions are wired not because of fear that the author will personally be mitigated upon but the author speaks for the rest of the nursing professionals who understand that biologically speaking some things may get out of people’s hands and worst out of people’s understanding. But legality tells it otherwise that every person is held legally accountable despite clarity of one’s conscience and the ability to pay legal proceedings, for the sake o f legality and the truth legal proceeding is a must and health care professionals are required to maintain professional liability insurance to offset the risk and costs of lawsuits based brought by litigations of medical malpractice. ... Medical malpractice is professional negligence by act or omission by a health care provider in which care provided deviates from accepted standards of practice in the medical community and causes injury or death to the patient. Standards and regulations for medical malpractice vary by country and jurisdiction within countries (HG Global legal Resources, 2012). According to Nurses Service Organization, medical malpractice claims can be asserted against healthcare providers including nurses. Although there may be a perception that physicians are held responsible for the majority of lawsuits, the reality is that nurses are more frequently finding themselves defending the care they provide to patients. Moreover over $83 Million was paid for malpractice claims involving nursing professionals according to the most recent study (Nurses Service Organization 2012). Case Study: Failure to assess and document The case that will be tackled in this paper involves the very basic of all nursing pro cedures which is to assess patient condition before and after any procedure and to properly document any reaction even if nothing happened. Documentation is very important for the nursing profession; it does not only details the kind of nursing care and procedures done to every patient but in cases of legal proceedings the documentation will tell and not only back nurses up but to prove otherwise with what was done for the patient. This is a case of a 23 woman who presented in the emergency of a local hospital with persistent flu like symptoms—generalized body ache and fever for the past two weeks. An abnormal CT scan of the chest prompted for admission—near

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 18

History - Essay Example Death because the bubonic strain is typified by â€Å"large, inflamed lymph nodes around the neck, groin and armpits† that would turn black with the progression of the disease (Hayden, â€Å"History of The Black Death†). The spread of the disease was fast and crossed countries and continents within months as rat fleas feeding on infected black rats, causing the fleas to hunger for more sources of blood, were transported through ships that sailed from the East to the West (Hayden, â€Å"History of The Black Death†). Combined with the unsanitary conditions of the cities back then and contagion became inevitable. â€Å"The violence of this disease was such that the sick communicated it to the healthy who came near them, just as a fire catches anything dry or oily near it† (â€Å"The Black Death, 1348†). This was evidenced by black flags that were hung on villages and towns that were infected by the plague; almost everywhere these black flags were seen flying in the air (Butler, â€Å"The Black Death and its Impact (c.1300-1450)†). The rapid devastation of village and city populations created an aura of doom and fear—experiences that were never forgotten and gotten over with. Entire families died; survivors did not even have time to mourn their loved ones as the fear of contacting the disease was all-consuming (Holmes 249). People were forced to throw their loved ones in mass graves of ditches without a proper burial ceremony and even a hastened prayer (Holmes 249; James, â€Å"Black Death: The lasting impact†). â€Å"And there were those who had been so poorly covered with earth that dogs dragged them from there and through the city and fed on corpses† (qtd. in Holmes 249). Experiences like this are etched into the memory of the people and has inadvertently affected the psyche and morale of not only the individual, but of populations worldwide. This has resulted to a change in the way of living, especially for the peasants who were affected greatly as they did not have the

Kierkegaard and Sartre's versions of existentialism Essay

Kierkegaard and Sartre's versions of existentialism - Essay Example On the other hand, they are similar in ways such as their trust on individuality, will power and meaningful decision making through choices. Sartre defines existentialism in ways that deduce the nature of man as man himself and that he uses his wills to accomplish his own destiny using various principles. The first one is that a man is only what he designs of himself. This means that men in the world shoulder responsibilities due to their mere existence on earth and each man knows his in full. He further explains that every man is responsible for humanity in its entirety and not merely for himself (individuality). Every choice that a man makes affects the rest of his species. In another perspective, he declares that God does not exist. Therefore, all men carry the responsibility of their actions. He defines an ethical person as an independent thinker who lives generously in consideration to the needs of others. He sets goals, pursues them actively and enumerates decisions on how to achieve them. This is under the choice of active life. This drives to invisibility of a man’s existence if he fails to pursue his goals in an active manner or make plans of achieving them. This eventually leads to despair, where a man loses hope and the meaning of life itself. Kierkegaard however contradicts this by setting three models of existentialism, namely: aesthetic, ethical and supranational religious faith. The importance of making a choice and the difference between ethical and aesthetical choices are the areas of emphasis. Men shape their personalities through their choices, which in itself is an ethical quality. High levels of determination together with thorough thinking enables man to make an ethical choice that is absolute and genuine. Aesthetical choices are neither meaningful nor stable and usually made for timely or sensual pleasure. Thus, they are not as genuine as

Comparison between SOAP and REST

Comparison between SOAP and REST Dickriven Chellemboyee Table of Contents (Jump to) Abstract Introduction to Software Architecture Service-Oriented Architecture Resource-Oriented Architecture Web service SOAP REST RESTful Features SOAP WS-* REST Description Language WSDL WADL Message Format XML JavaScript Object Notation Pros and Cons Pros of SOAP over REST Cons of SOAP over REST Statistics Real Life Scenario Conclusion References List of Figures Figure 1: Basic web service Figure 2: Comparison of web services usage in 2006 and in 2011 Figure 3: Web service with JSON support Figure 4: New web service with JSON support only Figure 5: Web service with XML support Abstract The main aim of this document is to describe the two common software architectures mostly used in distributed system namely Service-Oriented Architecture and Resource-Oriented Architecture. The document provides a high-level descriptions of the two software architectures and implementation of those software architectures in the form of web services. Web services allow interaction between applications. Web services are compared and contrasted. The document describes and compares the differences between two types of web services namely SOAP-based web service and REST-based web services. Introduction to Software Architecture Service-Oriented Architecture Service-Oriented Architecture is a concept aims to improve flexibility by organizing and utilizing nodes of a network [1]. SOA enables the realization of business functionalities by allowing interactions between service providers and service consumers [2]. SOA turn application functions into services which can be consume by other applications over a network. A service describes the business function, self-contained and developed independently. It is defined by a verb, for example: validate user [3]. Services are simply a collection of service with independent methods. Resource-Oriented Architecture Resource-oriented architecture is based on the concept of resource. It involves retrieving particular resource instance and it has operations for resource lifecycle management that is to create, read, update and delete resource. Requests are stateless, one request has no connection with the next one. Resources are identified by some address and data included within the request [4]. Web service A web service is a node of a network accessible interface to application functionalities that is a set of specifications to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction [2] [5]. The protocol and the format that are used for specific services are defined in those specifications. Figure 1 shows a basic web service where communication is done between two machines with different operation systems (Windows and Linux) and built with different programming language (Perl and Java). Figure 1: Basic web service SOAP SOAP originally Simple Object Access Protocol, is a set of rules for transferring organised information by the use of web services. SOAP uses XML based for transferring of information in a distributed computing style. SOAP is independent of transport protocol that is it can use any transport protocol for example HTTP, FTP, TCP, UDP, etc. [6]. SOAP has been developed by Microsoft to replace older technologies like CORBA and DCOM SOAP has an RPC architecture, all web service are message-oriented as HTTP itself is message-oriented, SOAP uses a second envelope inside the HTTP one, that contains XML data which is a description of a RPC call similarly as XML-RPC. This is how SOAP is used to call a remote function or what the return value from a function. Soap message contains data, the action to perform, the headers and the error details in the case of failure [6]. It uses interfaces and named operations to expose the business logic. It makes use of WSDL to describe the services for client to use and UUDI to advertise their existence [6]. REST Representational State Transfer is a set of software architectural style for distributed computing system like the World Wide Web. REST is not a protocol. The REST term originated by Roy Fielding in his doctoral dissertation. Roy Fielding is one of the main author of the HTTP protocol specification. The REST term has quickly come in practise in the network community [7]. REST tries to fix the problems with SOAP and provides a truly method of using web services [8]. REST do not require to add another messaging layer to make the transfer to message as oppose to SOAP, REST transfer its message in the HTTP request. It concretes on design rules for making stateless services. Request and response are built by the transfer of representational of resources. A resource can be essentially the data (object) that may be addressed [6]. Rest recognizes everything as a resource (e.g. User). Each resource has a standard uniform interface, usually an HTTP interface, resources have a name and addresses (URIs). Each resource serves a unique resource since each URL are unique. The different types of operations that can be performed on the resource are done by the different HTTP operations also known as HTTP verbs which are GET, PUT, POST and DELETE. Each resource has one or more representation (JSON, XML, CSV, text, etc.) and the resource representations are transferred across the network [6]. REST allows the creation of ROA but it can be used for both ROA and SOA [3]. RESTful A RESTful web service is the implementation of REST principles. HTTP Methods GET getUser – retrieve user information DELETE deleteUser – delete user PUT createUser– create user HEAD – getInformation – get meta information POST – updateUser – modify user information Features SOAP Independent of transport protocol (http, ftp, tcp, udp , or named pipes) [6] It can perform asynchronous processing and invocation (e.g. JAX-WS) It caters for complex operations which require conversional state and contextual information to be maintained. WS-* SOAP has a different set of XML â€Å"stickers† for its SOAP envelope to provide enhance features to transport its message. These specifications are analogous to HTTP headers. Some of these specifications are described below: WS-Security Enterprise security features are provided by the WS-Security standards. It supports identity through intermediaries, also provides the implementation of data integrity and data privacy [9]. WS-ReliableMessaging Provides reliable messaging that is a successful/retry process built in and provides reliability through soap intermediaries [6]. REST don’t have such feature therefore it should deal with failures by retrying the request. WS-Trust Enables issue, renew and validate security tokens. WS-AtomicTransaction ACID transactions over a service, REST is not ACID compliant. [9] REST Does not enforce message format as XML or JSON or etc. It has a good caching infrastructure which greatly improve performance when the data is not altered often or is not dynamic Security is provided by the transport mechanism (SSL), it does not have dedicated concepts for each, it relies predominantly on HTTPS Description Language WSDL The Web Service Description Language is used to describe SOAP interface in XML format. A client can read the file and know exactly which methods it can call and the signatures of the methods. The client can discover services automatically and generate useable client proxy from the WSDL. Most SOAP web services would be very cumbersome to use without it. The WSDL is a machine-readable file that is an application can parse it and knows how to make a service call. When a service method is called, a POST request is made to the endpoint of the SOAP service which is a single URL for all API call and only POST requests can be made. The signature details are found in the WSDL document. WSDL version 2 caters for HTTP verbs and it can be useful for documenting RESTful system but it will still very verbose [6]. WADL The Web Application Description Language is used to describe RESTful web services using XML grammar. A client can load the WADL file and access the functionality of the RESTful web services directly. A WADL is normally less verbose than a WSDL [6]. However since RESTful web services have simpler interfaces, the WADL is not mandatory as opposed to WSDL is to SOAP-based web services. Message Format XML A client requires an XML parser in order to get the information from the XML document. The parsing of XML has to go through different stages (character conversion, lexical analysis and syntactic analysis) before machine can interpret it. The parsing of XML document can take a lot of time since XML is a very verbose document and as the XML document gets longer much more time is taken to parse it. By replacing XML document with a remote call, there will be a great performance improvement if both sides of the application uses the same binary logic [10]. JavaScript Object Notation XML is mainly used by most web services for request and response messages but a growing number of web services are using simple data structures (such as numbers, array) serialized as JSON-formatted strings. JSON is expected to be used by a JavaScript call; it is much easier to get a JavaScript data structure from JSON than from XML document. Web browsers don’t have a standard JavaScript interface for XML parser as every browser has a different interface for treating XML document. JSON is normally just a string with some constraints with JavaScript so we can say that JSON string is interoperable on all web browsers. JSON is not attached to JavaScript but an alternative data serialisation to XML. JSON is a simple language-independent method of formatting complex data structures (e.g. array, object, etc.) as string. [11] Pros and Cons Pros of SOAP over REST Some programming languages provides some shortcuts, reducing the effort needed to build a request and parse the response. For example with .NET technology, the XML is invisible in the user codes [8]. SOAP has more mature tool support as compare to REST, but this is likely to change in the future [12]. No native support for SOAP in mobile, even though there are third-party libraries to bring SOAP support, out of the box SOAP support is not available. [13] SOAP has a lot of rules thus make it restrictive as compared to REST in the implementation Cons of SOAP over REST It is much simpler to implement REST as compared to SOAP The learning curve for REST is smaller than SOAP The difficulty lies greatly in the chosen programming language to develop it since some IDE automate the process of generate or referencing the WSDL Has support for error handling and the error reporting provides a standard error codes which can be very useful to handle the request and response in the application consuming it. SOAP is sometimes considered to be slower than legacy system such as CORBA or ICE because of being too verbose [14] While some programming language provides some shortcut to SOAP services, it can be very cumbersome in some others such as JavaScript since an XML structure needs to be created each time a request should be made. Distributed environments is best suited for SOAP whereas REST assumes an end-to-end communication Has strict set of rules for every stage of implementation while REST provides a concept and less restrictive with the implementation Uses strongly type messages, which is a problem for loosely coupled systems. If type signature of an operation is changed, all the clients that was using it will failed [15]. REST is flexible for data representation, it is easier to understand as they add an element of using standardized URIs and give importance to HTTP verb used. They are lightweight as they don’t need extra XML mark-up [6]. SOAP uses XML structure which make it slow as compare Statistics A comparison of web services protocol, styles in 2006 and in 2011 from more than 2000 web services are shown below. It clearly demonstrate that most developers have moved from SOAP to REST. The interest in REST is growing very rapidly whose those in SOAP is declining [16]. Figure 2: Comparison of web services usage in 2006 and in 2011 Figure 3: Web service with JSON support Figure 4: New web service with JSON support only Figure 5: Web service with XML support Real Life Scenario Amazon has SOAP and REST based web services and around 85% of their usage is from the REST-based web service [17]. Although all the beautiful name with SOAP, it is an evidence that developers like the simpler one, that is the REST one [18]. Google has deprecated its SOAP services in favour of a RESTful, resource –oriented service [11] Nelson Minar, used SOAP-based web service to design Google API for Google search and AdWord, he stated to be wrong for choosing SOAP [15]. Conclusion SOAP is more useful for complex web service or when there is critical data involve such as banking transaction where retrying the same request can be very critical. If one need a web service up-and-running quickly, it is better to start with REST rather than SOAP. REST is a good option for web service which are meant to be simple, lightweight and fast. However after using one of the web service, it can be almost impossible to change it to the other one. It would be cheaper to re-build the web service. When making your decision on which type of web service to use, the decision should be which one best meets the requirements with the chosen programming language and in which environment it will be used. Even though SOAP is meant to be flexible to change, add new features, expanding it. It is not the case in practise by the use of strongly-type as it can make existing client to stop working just by changing the type of method signature. References 1

Rock Essay -- essays research papers

The music genre of Rock, thought by some to be the devil’s music, to me is an inspiration and it helps me deal with situations going on in my life. If you listen to Rock you know what I’m saying, but by most people who do not, they are so put in there ways of believing that anybody even listening to it is a devil worshipper, or some drug addict and is out casted because of what they listen to. That is totally arrogance and I for one am really serious about music and couldn’t see living without it. First of all, all of my favorite bands do not ever comment on Satan or anything dealing with evilness in their lyrics. Secondly in modern Rock there aren’t too many drugies in the music business, if they are it’s in other genres that I don’t care to talk about. For me it’s not so much the lyrics of the song that can inspire me to do something, but also in how the guitarist hits the notes of his solo, or how the drummer leads them all in synch ronization, or merely how the bassist wails away with his bass rhythm. But in all it’s how the music is presented and played that inspires me along with millions of fans around the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For bands like Creed, Red Hot Chilli Peppers, Candlebox, Queensrà ¿che, Live, and Silverchair, to name a few, the lyrics they write, the solos they play, the riffs they come up with and the feeling they get when they see 100,000 people cheer is something unbelievable. They play music not to persuade people into their beliefs, but ...

The Brown vs Board of Education Case

Fifty years ago when the decision was handed down in the Brown vs Board of Education case segregated school systems came to a screeching halt. Five decades later there are still hot debates on the effectiveness of such a ruling. Today, while schools are not legally segregated, there are segregation trends because of the way populations gather in areas and the local schools are impacted by such populations. Laws have been in place to prevent segregation and children have been bused across town to try and achieve racial balance, but recent changes to legislation have stopped that as well. Today, the nation is divided on the segregated school issue once again. The main theme of the first article is that segregation in schools today, does not take on the same meaning as it did when the Brown decision was handed down. Today, according to the author population imbalance has more to do with population desires to be located near each other, as is the case with many Spanish speaking and European areas of the nation(Mckenna 1995). According to the author, segregation in this case is a positive thing as it places people of the same language in the same area thereby reducing fear and inability to function until the children can develop stronger English skills(Mckenna 1995). The author believes that the answer to racism is not to force busing or other methods that will put children in diverse school populations. Instead, the author believes racism can be ended by working on society as a whole and embracing the very differences that make America the nation that it is today. For the most part I agree with the article. I know if I did not speak English I would be hesitant to allow my child to be bused across the city just for the sake of racial balance within the school system. I would prefer to keep them close to a familiar area with their familiar language being spoken. I do not agree however with the statement that segregated schools are not evil. I believe there is a fine line between not pushing kids and letting them be left behind. If we do not force the balance of race within the school system we must instead be very careful not to let the minority school systems fall by the wayside when it comes to funding and other things that make education possible. In the second article the author believes that segregated schools put certain students at a disadvantage. Citing the problems including not preparing children for a naturally diverse society the author believes it is essential to mix the races while students are young enough to embrace such cultural differences(Droesch, 1996). â€Å"With or without a desegregation plan in place, many of our children continue to experience segregation and racial bias in school. If our children continue to live in racially polarized communities and attend segregated schools, they will be at a distinct disadvantage in today's global village. For all of our region's youth to meet the challenges of working in a multicultural world, they must have the opportunity to learn in an environment that advocates inclusion and respect for diversity(Droesch, 1996).† The author believes desegregation plans for school systems is a beginning step to solving the problem of racism in America. I agree that segregated schools will cause a continued polarized attitude. I agree with the author that we must prepare our nation†s children for a racially diverse community. I believe it is important to reach students when they are young and most open to diversity. This will assist in the nation†s global effort to stop racism. I agree more with the second article than the first one if language barriers are taken out of the equation.

The Chocolatte War essays

The Chocolatte War essays Jerry Renault, the main character, is a fourteen-year-old boy who is a freshman at Trinity Highschool. In this book it tells how a young boy in a new environment can lose control of his identity by just trying to fit in with the rest of the people. He does this by trying to please a group of kids, the Vigils, who basically run and have control over the school. The book starts out with Jerry at football practice and it gets into his head explaining all of the emotions that he goes through not only on the field but also in his life. Jerry is a single child that lives with his dad who is a pharmacist. They live in an apartment. The reason for this is his mom is dead. She had just died due to an illness. Because of the presents that she left in the house Jerry and his dad felt it necessary to move out that way it would be easier to move on with their lives. From hear out the book goes on to describe Jerrys normal day and how he and his dad follow this routine. In the routine Jerry wakes up, goes to school, comes home does homework and then watches some TV before going to bed. For Jerrys dad he wakes up, goes to work, comes home and eats, and then goes right to bed because of his job he some times gets called in at all different hours of the night. Then one day hanging in Jerrys locker was a note that said Vigils meeting subject assignment. Because he new he would be in trouble if he didnt go, he went. His assignment was that he was not to sell any chocolate during the sale. This normally might not seem like a big thing but every year the school counts on this money to keep running. Thats what he did but instead of selling the chocolate at the end of the ten days he decided to become his own man and not sell chocolate at all. This was a mistake because he did not follow the assignment to sell the chocolate after the ten days. For this he was severely punished one day after p...

Modern Christianity More Relative In Modern Day †Theology Essay

Modern Christianity More Relative In Modern Day – Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers Modern Christianity More Relative In Modern Day Theology Essay Modern Christianity is different from Ancient religion because it has evolved to suit what’s comfortable and relative in modern day. Today, in Christian religion, we know there to be only â€Å"one true god,† but the common view of ancient religion was polytheistic – having many gods. An example of multiple gods in Hebrew scripture is the evidence of â€Å"YAWEH† the god of war and â€Å"El† the god of high places (Deut. 26:8-9). Another difference between modern Christianity and ancient religion are the views on an afterlife. The belief in an afterlife in Christianity is derived from the Greeks. Jews are not concerned with an afterlife and don’t believe in a heaven or hell. Christians believe that god is far, far above them but for the ancients, there was a hierarchy in which there was not just one level between us and god, but multiple levels in-between. For Christians, religion is a matter of constant attention, but for the Jews, religion is practiced out of need. Unlike the emphasis Judaism has on orthopraxi or practice, Christians know religion to be a matter of faith and belief – without the significant emphasis on practice of ancient tradition. It is important to see the differences between Christian assumptions about religion and the original practice of ancient religion. Understanding this context is important in studying Hebrew scripture because it allows us to see into the past without screened vision that comes from growing up in a modern Christian society. If the attitude is one of â€Å"There is only one way to look at these two religions – right and wrong† then the capacity to learn and gain knowledge of both is diminished greatly. However, opening one’s mind to see the customs of ancient religion opens a door to understanding not only the practices of ancient religion but also a further understanding of the Christian religion and its roots. Research Papers on Modern Christianity More Relative In Modern Day - Theology EssayCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionGenetic EngineeringComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeMind TravelEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThree Concepts of PsychodynamicBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Aldi Tea Advertisement Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aldi Tea Advertisement Analysis - Coursework Example This advertisement passes on the products benefits which in this case are the Aldi tea in a way that it shows that its product is non-alcoholic and can be consumed by those who don’t take alcohol. It further states its benefit indirectly considering the fact that the old lady specifically states, it’s her who prefers the Gin to the tea hence we can assume that the rest of her family probably likes tea, like her husband thus it’s a product that is beneficial to all other family members, even young ones and has no harm at all. In regard to this, a competitive advertisement should outline and properly include the advertised products benefit to its market segment (Mullins & Walker, 2010). Unlike in the tea advertisement where the tea’s benefits are not fully outlined, one should exhaust all products benefits. It is researched that tea has substantial benefits to mankind. It contains tea phenolic that is responsible for inhibiting the bacteria that causes bad b reath, it also speeds up fat oxidation hence increasing metabolic rates to the human body (Muirhead, 2008). It is also confirmed that tea contains amino acid that lowers stress hormones in the body hence boosts mind alertness level, while on the other hand it boosts immune system in the body (Muirhead, 2008). ... Most known ways of product differentiation include preserved production and marketing; it is where the producers find, maintain and purify a particular raw material for a particular product hence no other product will taste similarly (Mullins & Walker, 2010). Another way used is that of segregation. This involves grouping, separation or selection of the product at its raw level depending on its quality at production level or materials. The third method used is traceability; here the product is researched for bacteria and any chemical residues levels to ascertain if any and to what extent (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). Though in Aldi tea advertisement, its product is not effectively differentiated from other products in the above ways, it tries to differentiate it through its advertisement in the sense that first, unlike other products and advertisement that go for celebrities and young people to advertise for them, here they went for an old lady which creates unfitness with the product. The second difference in this advertisement is the fact that most if not all adverts specifically talk about the advertised product and no other product are included in the advert. Unlike those, here the old lady tells us how her husband likes Aldi tea, but she herself prefers Gin to the tea hence creating uniqueness in the advert. The Aldis tea advert further creates contrast between its product and that of Gin since one is alcoholic and the other is non-alcoholic. The properties of a good advert are that which creates contrast or a difference between its products and adverts and those of its competitors. This helps so that its product is not mistaken for another product, or its advertisement (Fletcher,

The Evolution of the Leadership Archetype of Female Essay

The Evolution of the Leadership Archetype of Female - Essay Example The Devil Wear Prada MovieThe Devil Wear Prada Movie With the growth in the global economy, female leadership levels stabilized. This 2006 movie shows female power based on relationships of career, friendship and love in complex and at times paradoxical opinions. Female power relationships detailed in the movie, portray that women use power appropriately to ensure they maintain their business competitiveness. This surfaces when Andrea acts loyal to Miranda when she attempted to alert of the coup that intended to overthrow Miranda for a younger woman. However, love and friendship linkages depreciate as women become successful professionally. In spite of relationship drawbacks, such movies portray optimism and stable female figures for young females in the workforce (Danya 70).The Girl Next Door movie With the high and improved economic standards, their enhancement occur in life and consequently, because of westernization, social evils such as prostitution and production of pornographi c materials have sprung up. In this 2004 American teen film, the main actor Matthew (an honour student), decides to love for the first time a girl next door, but in the process meets challenging circumstances after he learns of her former porn work.  The Patriarchal Archetype of Women Heroines According to the producers of The Girl Next Door movie,’ the female character, Danielle (Elisha Cuthbert) contrasts to her male counterpart Matthew Kidman (Emile Hirsch) in a way that Matthew holds a higher leadership level due to his higher education. Unlike in the comedy, ‘Baby Boon’ and in the Devil Wear Prada movie, where the female figure confers upon a high social class and at the same time cares for life (caring for the child). On the other hand, Danielle is portrayed as a reformed porn star. It is unclear whether she has any significant form of education. She underwent this social vice in order to sustain herself. During the

Carrer management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Carrer management - Essay Example With my psychometric result, I have further explored that ESFJs also have the quality to take good care of things that are in their custody (Butt 2009). They are excellent protectors and can gain remarkable achievements in education and medical field. Functional analysis of ESFJs shows that they have extraverted feelings and they are talented enough to adapt to new environments quickly, most specifically they have command over e-world gadgets and systems (Cazenovia 2012). In addition, they can easily express a variety of feelings in front of others and mostly they are motivated or de-motivated with others response towards their thoughts and actions. Further, it has been noticed that ESFJ are usually career oriented people and they do have passion to do something remarkable in the aspect of academic or professional ground. Additionally, they seek interesting as well as satisfying careers and to do this they work with deep concentration and intend to attempt all processes in a thoughtf ul manner. Competitive partner or environment works as a catalyst for them because they always possess passion to defeat all their enemies and competitors and in order to achieve this purpose they can do anything, which is possible and accessible. Personal swot analysis illustrates my strengths, followed by my weaknesses, then opportunities, which will assist me during my journey towards goals and the threats that might be a barrier in the path towards my objective. My biggest strength is that I am a business management undergraduate student at PSB institute and I am only a few steps away from my completing my degree. I know it is my greatest strength and it will help me in the near future to take initiative in the business world (Psni 2012). I am very passionate about my career and I am confident that my talent, skills, and willingness to achieve my

Video games and violence Essay Example for Free

Video games and violence Essay Whatever happened to Candy Land and Monopoly? Today’s youth are being molded into the future working adults improving skills, at the same time, showing aggressive behaviors playing video games. Today’s Video games can be very misleading when it comes to discerning the fantasy of the game. This brings forth serious behavioral issues. According to Curt (1990), â€Å"What worries many experts is that video-game violence is abnormally stimulating, arrives with the apparent sanction of parents and society, and appears on the same TV screen as the evening news, this blurring the distinction between play slaughter and real life carnage. †(Curt, Washington Post,1990,p. 1) Children are consumed within the game. They lose focus of themselves. As a result this affects today’s youth in acting out by manipulating adults in order to get their way(Curt 1990). These behavioral issues are turned around into a more positive manner though. In the game of, Call of Duty, children are soldiers standing up to defend their country. While as adults the reality comes out and washes away the fantasy environment of video games. While on the other hand, video games can be very beneficial for todays youth. Thilmarry(2012) notes that, â€Å"In the article, University of Rochester researchers Daphne Bavelier and C. Shawn Green looked at a study they did on the futuristic first-person shooter game† Unreal Tournament,†in which they found players improved perceptual and attention skills by playing in a first person shooter, player shoot from their own perspective as if theyre holding the shooting device. † While immersed in the game, they have the opportunity to fine tune their perception and memory skills. This could also lead to higher results on test in school with increased memory skills. This also aids todays youth in their problem solving skills when it comes to being sociable and interacting with their peers. Many children self-esteem are increased, as a result, of feeling that they are able to excel within the game. Whereas, under peer-pressure, the child would crumble with the bad comments tossed towards them in not measuring up to other standards. Which in turn makes the video game environment more beneficial for todays youth. With the ever changing technology our children are better equipped for the future. Todays youth are being prepared with various systems and newer versions of games. While in the business environment, working adults are working with ever changing programs. In todays video games, players are able to role-play with other players on the internet. While in the modern business world, adults are using the chat environment to interact with others making well-informed decisions together. With updated versions of video games todays youth learn to adapt more into well informed adults. While Monopoly maybe a long drawn out board game, there is nothing like an exciting video game for todays youth in the ever changing technological day in age. We should always be mindful to buy the most updated and appropriate rated video games for our youth. References 1. Suplee,C. W. P. (1990, Dec28). Weighing virtues, vices of video games. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved from HTTP://search. proquest. com/docview/277808375? account id = 7374 2. Thilmarry, J. (2012). Gaming pros and cons. Mechanical Engineering, 0135(3),20-20. Retrieved from HTTP:// search. proquest. com/docview/963767435? account id=7374.

The Political History of Italy Essays -- History of Italy Essays

The political history of Italy is quite extensive. The Greeks were the first to settle in Italy and established colonies in the southern part of the country and in Sicily. There was not a sense of political reality as much as there was a civilization (Windows on Italy- History). While the Greeks controlled the south the Gauls, or Celtic people, ruled the north and the Po Valley. But the most important group to settle in Italy was the Etruscans. Because of their advanced civilization, the Etruscans were the only ones to establish political and cultural ideas before the Roman Empire (Windows on Italy- History). At the end of the Etruscans rule, Rome began a unification of Italy and established Latin to be the general language (Defusco). By 6th century BC, the city of Rome came into power. During this growing power, Rome began fighting other civilizations to expand its territory. Amongst these populations was Rome’s long time friend Carthage. Rome soon became greedy and made war on Carthage in the Second Punic War (Defusco). The Punic Wars lead Rome to gain territories along the Mediterranean basin. At the end of the Third Punic War, Rome defeated Carthage and became the major Mediterranean military power (Windows on Italy- History). In all of Rome’s defeats, Greece was the most significant. The Romans adopted Greek customs and ideas as their own. This changed the society of Rome by developing a new culture and way of thinking. The Roman Empire was soon developed by the ideas of Augustus, leading to a more democratic way of governing. The Empire created an expansion of Roman civilization by its leaders conquering other civilizations. The Empire ruled for many years under many different Emperors. During this time there was a mixture of rule between a hereditary Emperor and a Senate. With the fall of the Empire after the death of Theodosius, Italy was then attack from neighboring civilizations in the north and west. These invasions soon lead to the rising of power in individual city-states (Defusco). The citizens of the cities abolished the ideas of feudalism and searched for their own identity. Their searching lead to violent acts amongst themselves in determining who should govern, but despite the fighting, each city contributed greatly to the economy and helped to raise the cultural energy of Rome (Defusco). By the year 1861, a unified Italy was... ...e the beginning of its unification, Italy has battled with the differences of the north and south. It will take a long time to achieve economic stability in the south, but one that must be reached in order to increase the economic growth for the whole country. With its strong nationalistic views, Italy is well on its way to achieving its goals. Works Cited CIA-World Factbook-Italy. 2001. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/it.html (26 Nov. 2001). Defusco. Italy-Culture and History. 2001. http://www.defusco.ch/en2_italy.html (26 Nov. 2001). Electric Library. Columbia University Press: 2001. http://www.encyclopedia.com/articlesnews/06518.html (26 Nov. 2001). Embassy of Italy in the United States. Washington D.C.: 2001. http://www.italyemb.org (26 Nov. 2001). U.S. Department of State. 2001. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/bgn/index.cfm?docid=4033 (26 Nov. 2001). Windows on Italy-the Constitution. Italian National Research Council: 2001. http://www.mi.cnr.it/WOI/deagosti/constitu/const1.html (26 Nov. 2001). Windows on Italy-the History. Italian National Research Council: 2001. http://www.mi.cnr.it/WOI/deagosti/history/tribes.html (26 Nov. 2001).

Pretty Little Liars Essay

Are Pretty Little Liars good at keeping their dirty secretes? Pretty Little Liars a favorite ABC Family series is built around five teenage friends, until one goes missing and is found dead. It has a strong hint of supernatural force that mean no good. It makes most popular vampire romances look anemic. Because of a popular series of HarperTeen books by Sara Shepard, Pretty Little Liars follows the nervous lives of four girls in Rosewood, Pa. It’s a small town and these girls seem to have it all and that sets it up for an even better drama, when we start to see they also have secrets. The season premier starts with the disappearance and apparent death of the fifth girl in the circle, Alison DiLorentis. If the PLL series were traditional, Alison, Sasha Pieterse would have been the sweetest girl in school and no one could imagine anyone wanting to hurt her. If that’s what you’re expecting here, you’re wrong. Alison was a bitchy gossiper, backstabber and cruel practical joker. In any case, they were all together the night she disappeared and we join the story a year later, when free spirit Aria, Lucy Hale, nerdySpencer,TroianBellisario, crazy Hanna, Ashley Benson and jock Emily Shay Mitchell have drifted apart. Drug and alcohol use, foul language, scanty clothing, sexual innuendo and some passioate make-out scenes and homosexuality all make Pretty Little Liars a series that keeps viewers on their feet. Every episode leaves you with a cliffhanger. They run into each other in random chance encounters, however, that suggest each is harboring dark secrets, some related to Alison and some not. Since they apparently weren’t into deep sharing when they were all best friends then, they aren’t spilling now. Except they have two problems. A local cop is determined to find out what happened to Alison. Second, the girls all start getting mysterious messages that suggest some supernatural force knows all the secrets and could and sometimes do expose them to the public. Could the messages be coming from Alison? But isn’t that impossible? What kind of phone network lets you keep texting when you’re dead? I’d say that’s beyond 4g. It’s one thing to talk with your friends about lacrosse practice or the hot guy in the French class. It’s something else when you’re trying to figure out what happened to your disappeared friend, and how disappeared she really is. â€Å"Pretty Little Liars† is good at making us care about the girl’s lives. It keeps us thinking each week as to what might happen the next.

Explain the Benefits and Opportunities to the Business of Using Internet Marketing Within the Marketing Mix a Selected Business

An effective ‘Marketing Mix' including all 7 is a way of identifying a business’s achievements of marketing objectives, meeting customer needs, is balanced and consistent, creates a competitive advantage and matches corporate resources. Product ASOS promotes their products very effectively as they use clever visual tools such as 360 degree view of their product, video and picture to enhance the quality of the product itself. They also provide a range of products and service including clothes, accessories, shoes/sandals etc and its provided for men and women.They include their own brand and designer wear which shows that they have high quality in their product. ASOS have mentioned in their annual report that their 20 biggest brands are now represented by a ‘shop in shop' providing a rich brand experience for their customers and a unique distribution platform for ASOS brand partners. ASOS also sells a range of products matching famous celebrity's outfits that custome rs would want to buy. ASOS, online or in their magazine provides customers the latest fashion info and what not to wear giving them an advantage to promote their products.Their business attract over 5. 2 million visitors per month Price The price has a lot of impact on the service buyer’s satisfaction level. Often, paying a higher price makes a customer more satisfied. Price is often considered a proxy for quality and vice-versa. What is important to note that services being all the more intangible, the price becomes an important factor for the actual service consumption to happen, after service awareness and service acknowledgement. Thier price for the products vary depending on the product – quality, brand etc.For the designer items it can be expensive, although ASOS may provide same looking product without the brand name making it affordable. With the price they offer ASOS is making a Profit over ? 10,009,000 figure taken from ASOS annual report as they have increas ed number of active shoppers over 1. 2 million Promotion The promtion plays a role in the perception the possible target audience may have about your service. There has to be a fit between the promotion and the positioning. Promotion leads to service (brand) recognition and further establishes a proxy to evaluate quality of services based by potential ustomers. ASOS uses their business is purely based upon the internet everything is promoted through the World Wide Web on the website and off. They have promotion on other websites and also ASOS has developed an application to allow customers to track particular products on its sites through their web browser, whatever websites they are looking at. The online retailer has used functionality within the latest version of Microsoft's Internet Explorer 8 web brower, which Microsoft released on March 19. PlacePlace represents the location where a product can be purchased. It is often known as the distribution channel. The place can be situa ted as a physical store or as virtuals stores on the internet. ASOS. com is rapidly becoming the market leader in the UK online fashion world. All the products are sold ONLINE and not located anywhere else where people can purchase ASOS items. ASOS does have a warehouse where all stocks are kept and together has a office located in hardfordshire. Processes processes are important to deliver a quality service.Services being intangible, processes become all the more crucial to ensure standards are met with. Process mapping ensures that your service is perceived as being dependable by your target segment. This is the procedures of activities which lead to an exchange of value. The process should include how customers are handled from first and last point of contact. ASOS is determined to be number one in the online market. They have thought through their process and kept it clear and have made it customer satisfactory. ASOS's strategy consists of aims that has a well-defined process.AS OS have control of their website, their information/images etc are presented without any doubt intelligibly promotional. Payments are all done through their website online as they are only an online business. Also they have a step-by-step information on how to use and buy off their website, they also have page on delivery information. Here they can track down on where shopping is, know how much is cost to deliver, know when to expect the delievery etc. People People is crucial in service delivery. The best food may not seem equally palatable if the waitress is in a sour mood.A smile always helps. Intensive training for your human resources on how to handle customers and how to deal with contingencies, is crucial for your success. People Are their employees, customers – their family and friends, and any other people associated with ASOS. com. Employees are important to this strategy of marketing mix as in can be those who deliever the products to customers. So they have to pol ite, helpful and have the knowledge of the business for them to answer any questions provided by the customer.It can also be the employees that answer the phone when any customer calls for any quiries. ASOS. com also have employees updating their website and replying to emails and online comments on their feedback page. ASOS employees has the knowledge, training and other aspect helping the business with marketing for their business. ASOS customers are also people that help in the marketing of services as they spread the business information. Physical evidence Pyhsical evidence affects the customer’s satisfaction.Often, services being intangible, customers depend on other cues to judge the offering. This is where physical evidence plays a part. Would you like eating at a joint where the table is greasy or the waitresses and cooks look untidy and wear a stained apron? Surely you would evaluate the quality of your experience through proxies such as these. As ASOS. com is an onl ine company their customer has difficulty not knowing how for example a dress will feel, look on them. ASOS therefore provides annual reports, articles, etc showing them that ASOS products are worth the value.ASOS helps customers with their products by giving them full information about the product. They have recieved awards that convince customers to buy online. First award was given to them in 2008 from Company High Street Awards for ‘Best Place To Spend' and the second was given in 2009 from Drapers Etail Awards for ‘Best Customer Experience Cosmopolitan Online Fashion Awards – Best for Bargains'. ASOS allows to give unwanted products back and their staff are always helpful and polite towards their customer as its one of their business objectives.

The Good and Bad of a School Principal Job

The Good and Bad of a School Principal Job I love being a principal of a school. There is nothing else that I want be doing at this point in my life. This does not mean that I enjoy every aspect of my job. There are certainly aspects that I could do without, but the positives far outweigh the negatives for me. This is my dream job. Being the principal of a school is demanding, but it is also rewarding. You must be thick skinned, hard working, diligent, flexible, and creative to be a good principal. It is not a job for just anyone. There are days that I question my decision to become a principal. However, I always bounce back knowing that the reasons I love being a principal are more powerful than the reasons I hate it. Reasons I Love Being a Principal of a School I love making a difference. It is fulfilling to see the aspects that I have a direct hand in making a positive impact on students, teachers, and the school as a whole. I love collaborating with teachers, offering feedback, and seeing them grow and improve in their classroom from day to day and year to year. I enjoy investing time in a difficult student and seeing them mature and grow to the point that they lose that label. I am proud when a program I helped create flourishes and evolves into a significant component of the school. I love having a larger impact. As a teacher, I made a positive impact on the students I taught. As a principal, I have made a positive impact on the entire school. I am involved with every aspect of the school in some way. Hiring new teachers, evaluating teachers, writing school policy, and establishing programs to meet school-wide needs all impact the school as a whole. These things likely will go unnoticed by others when I make the right decision, but it is satisfying to see others being positively impacted by a decision I made. I love working with people. I love working with the different groups of people that I am able to as a principal. This includes other administrators, teachers, support staff, students, parents, and community members. Each sub-group requires me to approach them differently, but I enjoy the collaboration with all of them. I realized early on that I work with people as opposed to against them. This has helped shape my overall educational leadership philosophy. I enjoy building and maintaining healthy relationships with the constituents of my school. I love being a problem solver. Every day brings about a different set of challenges as a principal. I have to be adept at problem solving to get through each day. I love coming up with creative solutions, which are often outside the box. Teachers, parents, and students come to me on a daily basis seeking answers. I must be able to provide them with quality solutions that will satisfy the problems they have. I love motivating students. I enjoy finding entertaining and unusual ways to motivate my students. Over the years, I’ve spent a cold November night on the roof of the school, jumped out of an airplane, dressed like a woman, and sang Karaoke to Carly Rae Jepsen’s Call Me Maybe in front of the entire school. It has generated a lot of buzz and the students absolutely love it. I know that I look crazy while I am doing these things, but I want my students to be excited about coming to school, reading books, etc. and these things have been effective motivational tools. I love the pay check. My gross salary was $24,000 the first year I taught. It is hard for me to fathom how I survived. Luckily, I was single at the time, or it would have been difficult. The money is certainly better now. I am not a principal for the pay check, but I cannot deny that making more money is an enormous benefit to becoming an administrator. I work extremely hard for the money that I make, but my family is able to live comfortably with some extras that my parents were never able to afford when I was a kid. Reasons I Hate Being a Principal of a School I hate playing politics. Unfortunately, there are many aspects of public education that is political. In my opinion, politics dilutes education. As a principal, I understand that it is necessary to be political in many cases. There are many times that I want to call parents out on when they come to my office and blow smoke about how they are going to handle their child. I refrain from this because I know that it is not in the school’s best interest to do so. It is not always easy to bite your tongue, but sometimes it is best. I hate dealing with the negative. I deal with complaints on a daily basis. It is a large part of my job, but there are days when it becomes overwhelming. Teachers, students, and parents like to gripe and moan about each other continuously. I feel confident in my ability to handle and smooth things over. I am not one of those that sweep things under the rug. I spend the necessary time to investigate any complaint, but these investigations can be time daunting and time consuming. I hate being the bad guy. My family and I recently went on vacation to Florida. We were watching a street performer when he picked me to help him with a part of his act. He asked me my name and what I did. When I told him I was a principal, I got booed by the audience. It is sad that being a principal has such a negative stigma associated to it. I have to make difficult decisions every day, but they are often based on mistakes of others. I hate standardized testing. I loathe standardized testing. I believe that standardized tests should not be the end all evaluation tool for schools, administrators, teachers, and students. At the same time, I understand that we live in an era with an overemphasis of standardized testing. As a principal, I feel that I am forced to push that overemphasis of standardized testing on my teachers and on my students. I feel like a hypocrite for doing so, but I understand that current academic success is measured by testing performance whether I believe it is right or not. I hate telling teachers no because of a budget. Education is an investment. It is an unfortunate reality that many schools do not have the technology, curriculum, or teachers necessary to maximize learning opportunities for students due to a budget shortfall. Most teachers spend a significant amount of their own money to buy things for their classroom when the district tells them no. I have had to tell teachers no, when I knew they had a fantastic idea, but our budget just would not cover the expense. I have a hard time doing that at the expense of our students. I hate the time it takes away from my family. A good principal spends a lot of time in his office when no one else is in the building. They are often the first one to arrive and the last to leave. They attend almost every extra curricular event. I know that my job requires a significant investment of time. This investment of time takes time away from my family. My wife and boys understand, and I am appreciative of that. It is not always easy, but I try to ensure a balance of my time between work and family.

Analysis Ms. Found in a Bottle by Edgar Poe Essay Example

Analysis Ms. Found in a Bottle by Edgar Poe Essay Example Analysis Ms. Found in a Bottle by Edgar Poe Paper Analysis Ms. Found in a Bottle by Edgar Poe Paper Ms. Found In A Bottle by Edgar Poe The story for analysis Ms. Found in a Bottle is written by Edgar Allan Poe. The text is about a man who describes the loss of a ship and its crew and his own discoveries. So the subject matter is the cognition of life and death. The story begins with the exposition. In this part of the text the narrator tries to persuade the reader that the story he is going to tell is true, and for this purpose the following stylistic devises are used. The Pyrrhonism of my opinions has at all times rendered me notorious. The metaphor the Pyrrhonism means skepticism, for this stylistic device refers to a philosophers name Pyrrhon, who tended to doubt and not to believe the fundamental truths. The epithet notorious and the phraseological unit at all times also attract our attention, for at all times is used in official notices and stresses the seriousness of the authors intention. And notorious puts more emphasis on the fact the narrator has been very skeptic, and th ats why his words, notwithstanding their incredibility, deserve the readers attention. Further he continues to convince us: No person could be less liable than myself to be led away from the sever precincts of truth by ignes fatui. ignes fatui are deceptive hopes which cant distract him from real facts. One more example can be conveyed through the following metaphorical sentence: A strong relish for physical philosophy has tinctured my mind. Physical philosophy means scientific or philosophy that needs proofs. Owing to the sentence Hereditary wealth afforded me an education of no common order, the reader learns that the narrator was rich and well-educated. In the following sentence the writer hints what he is going to portray: Of my country and of my family I have little to say. The reader sees that his native land and close people are not his first consideration. So something much more profound troubles him. The complication comes in the sentence One evening †¦ I observed a very singular isolated cloud†¦ The piling up of the epithets singular and isolated and the intensifier (adverb) very put us on our guard. But then tense atmosphere increases. For conveying it the author describes the nature using epithets and comparisons effectively: dusky-red appearance of the moon and the peculiar character of the sea †¦ a rapid change and the water seemed more than usually transparent †¦ The air became intolerably hot, and was loaded with spiral exhalations similar to those arising from heated iron. As night came on, every breath of wind died away †¦ The description of nature helps to create the atmosphere of anticipation. But the captain doesnt share our heros presentiments. On the one hand, it seems rather strange that an ordinary passenger foresees a simoom, and a sophisticated captain doesnt notice anything; but on the other hand that helps us to realize that the work is rather symbolic. Speaking about the ship, the narrator uses the pronoun she. In fact the ship implied to the soul of a human being, the soul where some changes take place. So the internal conflict comes into existence: between the heros skeptic attitude to life and death and his admiration to them. As it was mentioned, the character was well-educated. And his skepticism presupposes meditation (reflection).

Whats an Excellent SAT Score

What's an Excellent SAT Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT score is one of the most important parts of your college applicationsbecause it’s one of the only things that’s standardized. When all student applicants are taking the same exam, admissions officers can use it as a barometer to compare students that come from different backgrounds, educations, strengths, weaknesses, and intellectual abilities. If all students take the same exam, and all admissions officers look at those exam scores in the same way, then it should be easy to figure out what an excellent SAT score is, right? Not necessarily. Like most things, an excellent SAT score is all relative. In this post, I’ll talk about different types of â€Å"excellent† scores in relation to the entire US, your general peer group, your prospective colleges, and (maybe most importantly) yourself. A Note Before We Get Started: Percentiles When we discuss exam scores when compared to other groups - groups as big as the US student population or as small as your high school English class - we use percentiles. Percentiles are different from percentages. A percent scoretells you what portion of the exam you got correct, whereas a percentile score tells you how you did on the exam compared to everyone else who took it.For example, a percent score of 80% on an exam means that you got 80% of the questions correct. An 80th percentile score would mean that you scored better than 80% of the students who took thesame test. Percentile scores are more meaningful than percentages when we talk about SAT scores, because what’s important is how you score when compared to other students.To give another example, let's say you take a very difficult exam in a large lecture course and only score a 50%. You might be disappointed because you'd assume you scored poorly. If you learned that everyone else in the class scored lower than 50% on their exam, you'd know that you scored in the 99th percentile - that changes your perception of your performance, right? Same thing goes for SAT scores. Excellent SAT Scores for the General US Population Talk about a big comparison group. If you’re new to the SAT and are unsure what SAT scores actually mean, comparing your scores to those of the general population isthe best place to start. The SAT score range isn’t necessarily intuitive, like an exam scored out of 100 points. Seeing how you â€Å"rank† relative to all students is the best way to start understanding your own performance. As you probably know, the SAT is scored out of a total of 1600 points.The average composite SAT score is about 1000 points - around the 50th percentile. An "excellent" score relative to the general population will ultimately depend on your own definition of excellence. For the sake of this post, we'll say that an excellent score sits at about the 75th percentile. This means that if you score at or above the 75th percentile, your score is higher than at least 3/4 of all test-takers. So how do these (and other) percentiles translate into SAT scores? 25th percentile about 840 composite score 50th percentile about 1000 composite score 75th percentile about 1200composite score You can get more detailed information on SAT scores and percentiles here. Given this information, where do you think you would set your "excellence" cutoff? Excellent SAT Scores for Your Peer Group What matters when you apply to colleges isn’t necessarily how your performance compares to that of the rest of the high school students in the nation. What matters is how you compare to kids who are similar to you - similar in terms of background, geographical area, high school type, grades, extracurriculars. You’ll have to stand out against your peers, not necessarily against a student who lives across the country from you with different interests, passions, and activities. In order to determine what SAT scores are considered "excellent" amongyour peers, you need to have a good general idea of what your peers' scores are. SAT scores can be a sensitive topic, so here are some tips for getting information on this: 1. Get average SAT scores for your high school.Some schools have a report available where you can see aggregated SAT scores from past students. If you're not sure about how to access this information, check in with a guidance counselor. They may have their own thoughts about what they consider excellent SAT scores for your school. 2. Get average SAT scores from your classmates. If you want to narrow down your comparative peer group even more, you could consider the average scores of other students in your classes. SAT scores from peers in honors classes should give you an even better idea of excellent peer scores. If you feel comfortable asking around, make an effort to do that - just make sure not to pressure anyone into sharing scores. Excellent SAT Scores for College So now that you have a good idea of how you compare to your peers, you can start figuring out your best target schools based on SAT scores. Now, SAT scores are important for getting you into college, but people don’t tend to care about them once you get in. Your SAT scores don’t have to be at the top of the range (e.g. at the 75th percentile) for the schools you’re interested in attending - that would mean 75% of attending students were accepted with lower scores. Ultimately, they just have to be good enough to get your application considered. (Exception:if you anticipate that your application will be weak in other areas, higher SAT scores than other applicants will help your admissions case.) The best way to figure out what SAT score is likely to get you into a particular school is to look up the school's "middle 50" SAT scores. The middle 50 is the range of student scores between the 25th percentile and the 75th percentile - so if you ranked all the students in a college's class by SAT scores, this would be the score range for the 50% of students standing right in the middle. You can find detailed instructions on figuring out a school's optimal SAT score range. If your SAT is in the top 25% of scores for schools that you're considering (and your application is otherwise strong),you may want to consider applying to more competitive schools. By more competitive, I mean schools with higher average SAT scores and lower admissions rates.There are many benefits to attending a better-ranked school: it's likely to be more intellectually challengingand to have a stronger student body due to a more selective admissions process. A more prestigious school also sends a better "signal" to graduate programs and future employers, potentially leading to better income and career outcomes. If you'd like more information about optimal application strategies, check out our guides on reach and safety schools. Excellent SAT Scores for Yourself Time for some realistic self-evaluation. So you've considered what "excellent" SAT scores are relative to the country, your peers, and your target schools. Although these are all helpful comparison groups, there's one very important factor we have yet to take into consideration: your own abilities, strengths, and weaknesses. Excellent scores by more objective standards may come easier to some students than others. Setting unrealistic goals for yourself based on these standards will be frustrating and unhelpful; setting "easy" goals for yourself based on these standards will mean that you sell yourself short. In order to come out of this process with both strong scores and your sanity intact, it's important to consider your own abilities when determining what SAT scores are "excellent." So how do you figure out what an excellent SAT score means for you? 1. Get a baseline score. Study for 10 hours in order to gain basic familiarity with the test and its content before taking a practice test. This will give you a baseline score to work from. Students can often improve 160+ points from baseline with additional test preparation. 2. Reach your own score maximum. Students usually reach a max limit after 40-80 hours of effective, focused studying. Getting that much prep in will mean you are dedicating yourself to excellence by your own standards. How Do You Prepare to Earn Excellent SAT Scores? You might have a roughrange in mind for those excellent scores you're hoping to earn. If not, you'll hopefully get a good baseline score to work from based on the guidelines above. Once you're ready to start working up towards that range, follow the guidelines here for an effective SAT preparation plan: 1. Set a timeline. If you're going to prepare for the SAT, you'll need a reasonable study plan based on how much time you have before the exam. Get instructions on how to do this here. 2. Set a goal score.You won't have anything to work towards if you don't set a challenging, but realistic, goal score for yourself. Start by looking up the "middle 50" SAT score ranges for target schools. You can get up-to-date information on these scores by Googling"[school name] PrepScholar admissions requirements." 3. Stick to a study plan. You can work from a study planspecifically for sophomores, juniors, or seniors, or you can come up withyour own. Try scheduling study sessions in your calendar ahead of time, or letting your parents in on your plan so they can hold you accountable. The better you stick to your plan, the more effective your studying will be. What's Next? Motivated to start bringing up those SAT scores? Here areguides to setting your timeline, SAT reading, SAT writing, and SAT math. If you are running out of time to improve your scores, not to worry - we have last-minute strategy guides as well! Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: